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Young children often have mild or no symptoms of COVID-19 with a short duration of illness. The incidence of severe or fatal infection in children is significantly lower than in adults.
The use of Comirnaty 3mcg maroon cap vaccine is limited to young children aged between 6 months and 4 years of age who are at highest risk of severe infection if they were to catch COVID-19, such as those with severe immunocompromise (see section 5.5.8) or with complex and/or multiple health conditions (see the Starship guidelines).
Click here for information on how mRNA vaccines, like Comirnaty, work and how they are developed. You can access the following video for a visual account of how the COVID-19 vaccines work, click here.
Manatū Hauora Ministry of Health provide operational and policy guidance for COVID-19. Relevant information for health professionals can be found here.
Comirnaty 10mcg orange cap is available for 5- to 11-year-olds.
Comirnaty 30mcg and Comirnaty 15/15mcg grey cap is available those aged from 12 years.
Also available for adolescents and adults aged from 12 years is a recombinant protein-based vaccine, Nuvaxovid (Novavax).
Vaxzevria (AstraZeneca) and COVID-19 vaccine Janssen are also licensed but are not currently available in NZ.
Three doses of Comirnaty 3mcg maroon cap vaccine are given to individuals aged 6 months to 4 years. It is recommended to administer dose two at least 21 days after dose one followed by dose three at least eight weeks after dose two.
Children who start their course aged under 5 years need three doses even if they turn 5 years part way through their course. For children who turn 5 years during their course it is recommended to give an age-appropriate vaccine (ie, Comirnaty 10mcg orange cap vaccine) for subsequent dose(s).
For details on storage and preparation of the Comirnaty 3mcg maroon cap vaccine please refer to the most current advice in our vaccine preparation resources. Click here for more information on cold chain processes.
Comirnaty 3mcg maroon cap vaccine is stable at +2°C to +30°C for 2 hours prior to adding diluent and 12 hours from adding diluent (6 hours in a syringe). It is best practice to return the opened vials to cold chain, making sure they are appropriately labelled with their expiry date and time. Allow this formulation to come to room temperature before administering.
People who are currently isolating or experiencing symptoms of COVID-19 should not be vaccinated until they have recovered from acute illness and met the criteria to stop isolating.
It is recommended to wait at least 6 months after acute COVID-19 illness or positive COVID-19 test is asymptomatic before completing the primary course. This is because the virus infection boosts your immunity in a similar way that the vaccine does. Leaving a space allows time for a good response to the vaccine to occur.
Hybrid immunity (a mixture of wild-type infection and vaccination) is highly effective at preventing further symptomatic infection and severe infection for a few months.
The interval recommended from prior infection or vaccination has increased from 3 months to 6 months because we know that protection against severe disease persists for up to at least 6 months. Having a dose earlier has limited benefit.
National immunisation schedule vaccines: all can be given at the same time as the Comirnaty 3mcg, preferably in a different limb.
Influenza vaccine: can be given at the same time as all Comirnaty vaccines.
COVID-19 vaccinations given overseas can be added to an individual’s profile and count towards their schedule in Aotearoa New Zealand. Click here for more details.
In clinical trials for Comirnaty 3mcg maroon cap, the most frequent responses seen in infants aged 6–23 months were irritability, decreased appetite, injection-site tenderness and redness, and fever; and in children aged 2–4 years, injection-site pain and redness, fatigue and fever were most frequent.
Less common responses included lymphadenopathy, diarrhoea, vomiting and nausea. Consistent with the clinical trial, systemic reactions were more frequently reported to V-safe for infants (ages 6 months–2 years) than those aged 3–5 years.
The risk of myocarditis following vaccination is not thought to be greater in this age group than any other group, acknowledging that the background rate of myocarditis in infants (aged under 1 year) is higher than in older children ‒ unrelated to COVID-19 vaccination.
There is no current evidence of a safety concern for this vaccine in infants or young children, overall.
Comirnaty vaccines are being held to the same high safety standards as all vaccines and medications licensed for use in New Zealand. CARM monitors and analyses the database for the identification of new signals, or important patterns, clusters or unusual events or practices that could have significance for medicine safety and prescribing practices in New Zealand. Any adverse event experienced post vaccination should be reported to CARM. Click here for more information on adverse events following immunisation, reporting and monitoring.
Clinical trial data showed combined efficacy against confirmed symptomatic COVID-19 of 80.4 percent (14.1–96.7 percent) for ages 6 months to 4 years. This was reported during a period of Omicron prevalence in the US.
Due to a limited number of symptomatic COVID-19 cases in each group during the clinical trial, vaccine efficacy is difficult to predict due to wide confidence intervals. The antibody response after three doses was shown to be similar to that known to be effective in young adults.
Hause AM, Marquez P, Zhang B, et al. COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Safety Among Children Aged 6 months-5 years - United States, June 18, 2022-August 21, 2022. MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2022. 71(35): p. 1115-1120
