Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infects CD4+T cells leading to a progressive decline in CD4 cell count, increasing immunodeficiency and vulnerability to infection, and suboptimal responses to vaccines. Use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) to reduce virus replication and improve CD4 counts to 200cells/mm3 or higher, preferably above 400cells/mm3, is recommended to improve the response to all vaccines.

For children aged under 18 years, please refer to the current Immunisation Handbook.